Long-term effects of thinning and fertilization on growth of red fir in northeastern California

نویسندگان

  • Jianwei Zhang
  • William W. Oliver
  • Robert F. Powers
چکیده

To determine the impact of fertilization and thinning on growth and development of red fir (Abies magnifica A. Murr.) stands, we established an experiment in a 60-year-old stand using a 2 × 3 factorial design with nitrogen-fertilized and nonfertilized treatments and three stocking levels. Plots were established in 1976 and were measured every 5 years for 26 years. The periodic annual increment in basal area was 97%, 51%, 38%, and 33% greater in fertilized trees than in nonfertilized trees during the first, second, third, and fourth 5-year periods, respectively. After 20 years, annual basal area increment was greater in nonfertilized trees. The response of annual volume increment to fertilization was not statistically significant until the fourth period. Yet, volume increases of the fertilized plots were 25%–92% greater than those of the nonfertilized plots from 1976 to 1996. Similarly, basal area increment was greater in lightly thinned plots than in unthinned plots from the second period on, until heavy mortality during 1996–2002. Basal area increment was greater in the heavily thinned plots from the fourth period on. Results indicate that red fir can respond to fertilization and thinning quickly and that both treatments speed stand development. In addition, fertilization increases the stand’s carrying capacity. Therefore, forest managers can use these silvicultural practices to improve stand growth, to reduce fire fuels, and to accelerate stand development. Résumé : Pour déterminer l’impact de la fertilisation et de l’éclaircie sur la croissance et le développement de peuplements de sapin rouge (Abies magnifica A. Murr.), nous avons établi, dans un peuplement de 60 ans, un dispositif expérimental de type factoriel 2 × 3 avec présence et absence de fertilisation et trois niveaux de densité. Les placettes ont été établies en 1976, puis mesurées à tous les 5 ans pendant 26 ans. Les arbres fertilisés ont eu un accroissement annuel périodique en surface terrière de 97, 51, 38 et 33 % supérieur à celui des arbres non fertilisés après les première, deuxième, troisième et quatrième périodes de 5 ans, respectivement. Après la quatrième période de 5 ans, les arbres non fertilisés ont eu une meilleure croissance annuelle en surface terrière. La réaction de l’accroissement annuel en volume à la fertilisation n’a pas été statistiquement significative avant la quatrième période de 5 ans. Malgré tout, les placettes fertilisées ont eu un accroissement en volume de 25 à 92 % supérieur à celui des placettes non fertilisées entre 1976 et 1996. De la même façon, les placettes légèrement éclaircies ont eu un accroissement en surface terrière supérieur à celui des placettes non éclaircies à partir de la deuxième période de 5 ans jusqu’à un épisode de mortalité intense survenu entre 1996 et 2002. Les placettes fortement éclaircies ont montré un accroissement en surface terrière supérieur à partir de la quatrième période de cinq ans. Les résultats indiquent que la réaction du sapin rouge à la fertilisation et à l’éclaircie est rapide et que ces deux traitements peuvent accélérer le développement du peuplement. De plus, la fertilisation augmente la capacité de support du peuplement. Par conséquent, les aménagistes forestiers peuvent utiliser ces pratiques sylvicoles pour améliorer la croissance des peuplements, réduire la quantité de combustible ligneux et accélérer le développement des peuplements. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Zhang et al. 1293

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تاریخ انتشار 2005